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عنبیه Iris - مرکز چشم پزشکی دکتر علیرضا نادری

عنبیه Iris

ساختمان چشم – عنبیه 

عنبیه Irisعنبيه بخش رنگي پشت قرنيه است كه رنگ چشم افراد را تعيين مي كند. عنبيه به رنگهاي مختلف مانند آبي، سبز، قهوه ‏اي، عسلي وغيره مي‏باشد. عنبیه در پشت قرنیه قرار گرفته‌ است. عنبیه دارای دو سطح جلویی (قدامی) و پشتی (خلفی) است. سطح جلویی آن به طرف قرنیه بوده و کمی محدب است. سطح پشتی کمی مقعر و کنار خارجی آن مجاور و چسبیده به جسم مژگانی است و قسمت مرکزی آن روی عدسی قرار دارد. این پرده فضای میان عدسی و قرنیه را به اتاقک های جلویی و پشتی تقسیم می‌کند که از مایع زلالیه پر شده اند. اتاقک جلویی در جلوی عنبیه واقع شده و حد جلویی آن سطح پشتی قرنیه و حد عقبی آن سطح جلویی عنبیه و قسمتی از سطح جلویی عدسی است. اتاقک خلفی در پشت عنبیه است.

وسط عنبیه سوراخ است و این سوراخ مردمک نام دارد. مردمک به شکل روزنه‌ای است که نور از آن داخل چشم می‌گردد و این دریچه مقدار نور ورودی به چشم را تنظیم می‌کند یعنی هر وقت که محیط روشن‌تر و پرنورتر باشد مردمک چشم تنگ‌تر می‌شود و برعکس، در نور کم گشادتر می‌شود تا نور کافی به داخل چشم نفوذ کند.

ماهیچه‌های موجود بافت عنبیه با انقباض و انبساط خود در برابر نور شدید یا کم، موجب تنگ و گشاد شدن مردمک می‌شوند. این عمل تحت اثر اعصاب سمپاتیک و پاراسمپاتیک صورت می‌گیرد.

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