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مردمک Pupil - مرکز چشم پزشکی دکتر علیرضا نادری

مردمک Pupil

ساختمان چشم – مردمک

مردمک Pupilمردمك، سوراخي است در وسط عنبيه که مقدار نور وارد شده به چشم را تنظيم مي كند. وقتي چشم در محيط پر نور قرار مي گيرد مردمك تنگ مي شود تا مقدار نور كمتري وارد چشم شود؛ و بر عکس زماني که چشم در محيط كم نور قرار مي گيرد مردمك گشاد مي شود تا نور بيشتري وارد چشم شود. قطر مردمک ممکن است به کوچکی 2 میلی متر یا به بزرگی 8-10 میلی متر باشد.

مردمک توسط ماهیچه‌های موجود در عنبیه با توجه به شدت نور تنگ و گشاد می‌شود. این عمل در اثر تحریک اعصاب پاراسمپاتیک و سمپاتیک صورت می‌گیرد. شکل مردمک در گونه‌های مختلف جانوران به اشکال مختلفی مثلا دایره‌ای، هلالی و غیره دیده می شود.

از آنجایی که تقریباً همه نوری که از مردمک عبور می‌کند توسط سلول‌های گیرنده شبکیه جذب می‌شود، مردمک به رنگ سیاه دیده می‌شود. به هنگام عکاسی از چشم در محیط کم نور، مردمک چشم با سرعت کافی تنگ نمی‌شود؛ به همین دلیل مردمک در عکس قرمز رنگ می شود و دلیل آن وجود مویرگ‌های خونی فراوان  شبکیه است که به رنگ قرمز دیده می‌شود.

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