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عضلات چشم - مرکز چشم پزشکی دکتر علیرضا نادری

عضلات چشم

ساختمان چشم – عضلات چشم

eye muscle عضله چشم

حركات كره چشم در هر چشم به وسيله 6 عضله خارج کره چشمي كه به اطراف كره چشم مي چسبد كنترل مي شود. اختلال حرکتي و يا عدم هماهنگي آن ها مي تواند منجر به انحراف چشم يا لوچي (استرابیسم) شود.

عضلات خارجى چشم شامل ۴ عضله راست (رکتوس) و دو عضله مايل می باشند. عضلات رکتوس چهار عضله هستند که از حلقه احاطه‌کننده عصب بينائى (حلقه زين) در راس کاسه چشم منشاء مى‌گيرند و در چهار قسمت فوقانی، تحتانی، خارجی و داخلی در قدام استواى کره چشم به آن متصل مى‌شوند.

عضلات مايل شامل دو عضله هستند: عضلهٔ مايل فوقانى و مايل تحتانى که عضله مايل فوقانى بلندترين و نازک‌ترين عضله خارجى چشم است. مبداء عضله مايل فوقانى از بالا و داخل سوراخ اپتيک مى‌باشد. در جلو، تندون آن در غلاف سينوويال از قرقره مى‌گذرد و به عقب برگشته و در خلف استواى کره چشم، زير رکتوس فوقانى به سطح کره چشم متصل مى‌شود. عضله مايل تحتانى از سمت نازال (بینی) کاسه چشم منشاء گرفته  و از زير عضله مستقیم تحتانى گذشته در خلف استواى کره چشم (درست در زير ناحيه ماکولا) به سطح کره چشم متصل مى‌شود.   

                                                  

eye muscleعضله چشم

غلاف عضلات خارج چشمى در محل اتصال به کره چشم در امتداد کپسول تنون قرار مى‌گيرند. عضلات مايل فوقانى عصب قرقره ای (تروکلئار)(زوج IV) و عضله مستقیم خارجى ازعصب دورکننده (ابدوسنس)(زوج VI) و ساير عضلات از عصب اکولوموتور (زوج III) عصب مى‌گيرند. خون‌گيرى عضلات خارج چشمى از شاخه‌هاى شريان افتالميک (چشمی) مشتق از کاروتید داخلی مى‌باشد.

 

                

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