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شبکیه چشم - مرکز چشم پزشکی دکتر علیرضا نادری

شبکیه چشم

ساختمان چشم – شبکيه

retinaشبکیهشبکیه قسمت حساس به نور چشم است كه در پشت چشم ، مابين زجاجيه و مشيميه قرار دارد و شامل مجموعه اي از سلولهاي حساس به نور و انواع مختلف نرونهاست. سلولهاي استوانه اي مسئول ديد سياه و سفيد هستند و سلولهاي مخروطي رنگها را تشخيص مي دهند. نرونهاي (سلولهای عصبی) مياني شبكيه نيز سيگنالهاي بينايي رسيده را جمع آوري و اطلاعات را به عصب بينايي منتقل مي كنند.

شبكيه از ميليونها سلول اختصاصي فتورسپتور (گيرنده نور)بنام سلولهاي مخروطي و استوانه اي تشكيل شده است كه شعاعهاي نوري را به سيگنالهاي الكتريكي تبديل مي كنند و از طريق عصب بينايي به مغز منتقل مي كنند. سلولهاي استوانه اي توانايي ديد در نور كم و سلولهاي مخروطي توانايي ديد رنگها را به ما مي دهند .

ماكولا، كه در مركز شبكيه قرار دارد، محل تجمع بيشترين تعداد سلولهاي مخروطي است. فوآ، فرورفتگي كوچكي در مركز ماكولا، بيشترين سلول مخروطي را داراست. ماكولا مسئول ديد مركزي، ديد رنگها و تشخيص دقيق جزئيات است. سلولهاي استوانه اي درقسمت محيطي شبكيه (اطراف شبكيه) قرار دارند و امكان ديد در شب و ديدن ساختمان چشم شبکیه حركت اشياء در اطراف را مي دهد .

لايه پيگمانته (رنگدانه دار) شبکيه مابين شبكيه و مشيميه قرار دارد و حاوي ملانوسيتهايي است كه مسئول رنگ سياه آن هستند. اين پيگمانها باعث مي شوند تمام نورها داخل چشم جذب شود وچشم مانند اتاق تاريك عكاسي عمل كند.

                                                 فیلم ساختمان شبکیه چشم                                                   فیلم لکه زرد شبکیه چشم یا ماکولا                                                                       

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